Research Reports

Overview

Summary

Despite maintaining positive growth, BEV momentum has weakened due to persistent range anxiety. Given the general consensus that the current liquid li-ion batteries have reached their energy density limits, hopes to alleviate range anxiety are pinned on the development of solid-state batteries. These batteries are categorized into semi-solid and all-solid-state batteries depending on the proportion of electrolyte in solid form.

In China, some automakers have already achieved integration of semi-solid batteries with vehicles. Automakers and battery manufacturers in Europe, the U.S., and Japan are focused on developing all-solid-state batteries, which are unlikey to be deployed in passenger vehicles before the late 2020’s.

Both liquid, semi-solid, and all-solid-state li-ion batteries have distinct advantages and disadvantages. In the short term, liquid li-ion batteries are expected to continue dominating the passenger vehicle market due to their established produciton scale and cost-efficiency. Solid-state batteries will have limited initial market penetration in the passenger vehicle sector and may require diversification into other vehicle applications to build market traction.

All-solid-state batteries are expected to achieve mass production in the future, driving a shift toward a more diversified battery landscape in the EV battery market. This diversification will encompass liquid, semi-solid, and all-solid-state batteries that are tailored to different vehicles and applications.

Table of Contents
1. Current Status of the Automotive Market
  (1) Slowdown in BEV growth
  (2) Liquid li-ion batteries see continuous optimization but core issues persist

2. Solid-State Batteries
  (1) Definition
  (2) Operating principle behind solid-state batteries
  (3) Advantages of solid-state batteries
  (4) Challenges of solid-state batteries2. Solid-State Batteries

3. Development of Semi-Solid-State Batteries
  (1) Advantages of semi-solid-state batteries
  (2) Challenges of semi-solid batteries

4. Development of Semi-Solid Batteries in the eVTOL Sector
  (1) Semi-solid batteries are better suited for eVTOL operating conditions
  (2) The solid-state battery supply chain for eVTOL

5.TRI’s View
  (1) Mass production timeline for all-solid-state batteries becomes clearer, but initial widespread
  adoption faces challenges
  (2) Semi-solid-batteries: A painless upgrade to li-ion battery range, but the “semi” may be its
  biggest challenge
  (3) The future of EV battery markets may see a diversified landscape

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