As per Chongqing News Broadcast, the San’an-ST project, with a total investment of approximately CNY 30 billion, is close to completion. The substrate factory is expected to start production this month, two months ahead of schedule.

The project, jointly developed by Chongqing San’an and ST, includes a chip factory and a substrate factory, focusing on the production of SiC power chips and substrates. The substrate factory, fully funded by San’an Semiconductor, is set to produce 480,000 8-inch SiC substrates annually.

The chip plant, a joint venture between San’an Semiconductor and ST, aims for an annual production capacity of 480,000 automotive-grade SiC MOSFET power chips.

San’an, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Hunan San’an, established Chongqing San’an for the substrate factory. The total investment for this factory is approximately CNY 7 billion, focusing on the growth and manufacturing of SiC substrates, with an annual production capacity of 480,000 8-inch SiC substrates.

San’an STMicroelectronics, a joint venture between Hunan San’an (51%) and ST (China) Investment (49%), was established in August 2023 with a registered capital of USD 612 million.

This chip factory has a total investment of USD 3.2 billion and aims for an annual revenue of CNY 13.9 billion, with an annual production capacity of 480,000 8-inch automotive-grade SiC MOSFETs.

San’an has disclosed that the project is currently in the critical stage of equipment installation and commissioning, and the substrate factory is expected to be ready for operation by the end of August, while the chip factory is projected to be fully operational by the end of November.

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(Photo credit: STMicroelectronics)

Earlier in July, former ASML CEO Peter Wennick stated that the chip war between the U.S. and China may continue for quite a long time, even for decades. Now his prophecy seems to come true, as the Netherlands is said to ban the semiconductor equipment giant from conducting equipment maintenance and providing related backup components in China, according to the latest report by Bloomberg.

As the targets of the measure reportedly includes ASML’s deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography systems, if implemented, the move would be a heavy blow to China’s semiconductor industry, especially on the development of advanced nodes, the report notes.

On the other hand, regarding ASML’s sales in lithography units in the second quarter of 2024, China emerged as the largest market, as it contributed 49% of the revenue, higher than South Korea’s 28% and Taiwan’s 11%. Therefore, the reported restriction will be a major setback for the company’s financial performance.

The report from Bloomberg, citing sources familiar with the matter, indicates that the government led by Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof is unlikely to renew some of ASML’s licenses for maintenance and the provision of backup components in China, which are set to expire at the end of 2024. These licenses include those related to ASML’s sale of DUV lithography equipment.

The report further suggests that ASML’s products are usually sold with maintenance agreements, which are crucial for the equipment to operate properly and continuously. Therefore, if ASML’s licenses for maintenance and the provision of backup components to China are no longer granted, some equipment may be unable to function properly as early as 2025.

In response to the rumors, both ASML and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs have declined to comment, Bloomberg notes.

In terms of the reason behind the move, the report states that the decision may be made after the Dutch government received pressure from the U.S. Citing a senior official from the Biden administration, if the super power’s allied countries do not agree to align with Washington on semiconductor controls against China, the U.S. government could propose certain unilateral measures against partner countries, including the use of the Foreign Direct Product Rule (FDPR).

The measure allows the U.S. to control transactions involving foreign products that use U.S. technology, thus is considered to be a tactic leveraged to push its allies, including the Netherlands, Japan and South Korea, to impose restrictions on semiconductor equipment exports to China.

According to a previous report by Reuters, since 2019, ASML has been prohibited from selling its most advanced EUV tool line in China as part of a U.S.-led effort to curb Beijing’s technological and military progress. Afterwards, China had to rely on ASML’s DUV lithography machines to advance in its semiconductor manufacturing technology.

As per a report by Wccftech in May, SMIC seems to be able to use ASML’s old DUV lithography machines to manufacture 5nm chips for Huawei. Therefore, if ASML stops servicing and supplying parts for DUV machines in China in the future, companies like Huawei and its foundry partner SMIC will find it increasingly difficult to make breakthroughs with their existing capabilities.

The latest report by Bloomberg emphasized that ASML’s CFO, Roger Dassen, confirmed in a July earnings call that the company still has employees in the fabs of Chinese customers. Therefore, if the maintenance ban is implemented, ASML will have to withdraw the employees who provide equipment services to Chinese semiconductor companies.

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• [News] ASML Claims the World Counts on China for Legacy Chips; So Do Chip Equipment Giants
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(Photo credit: ASML)

The electric car market in China has been facing intense competition, with Xiaomi revealed that it suffered a USD 9200 loss per vehicle from April to June. However, the price war is not the only battleground, as the focus now seems to be turned to another front.

According to a report by CNBC, chip-powered tech features, such as the driver assist function, have gradually become the latest trend, while the development of in-house chips emerges as the possible match point for China’s EV makers. The reason behind: the need for customization and a must to reduce reliance on cutting-edge AI chips amid US- China tensions.

Until now, many leading Chinese EV manufacturers have relied on NVIDIA’s chips, with the AI heavyweight’s automotive chip business generating over USD 300 million in quarterly revenue in recent years, CNBC notes.

However, Chinese electric car start-ups Nio and Xpeng both announced progress on their self-developed chips lately, signaling the beginning of a new era in which in-house chips may become the mainstream for the industry.

In late July, Nio announced that it had taped-out its self-developed intelligent driving chip, Shenji NX9031, which is manufactured with 5nm node. The chip is said to be integrated into the company’s ET9 model, which is scheduled for delivery in 2025.

Citing industrial specialists, CNBC states that the move marks the first time that 5nm has been used in the Chinese automotive industry. For now, 3nm node is primarily utilized in smartphones, personal computers, and artificial intelligence-related applications.

On the other hand, another China’s EV start-up, XPeng Motors, announced in late August that its first AI chip, Turing, has been successfully taped-out. It is worth noting that XPeng has a strong relationship with NVIDIA, and Xpeng’s former head of autonomous driving joined Nvidia last year, CNBC reports.

In 2019, Tesla has reportedly moved away from using NVIDIA’s chips to developing its own, with a focus on advanced driver-assist functions. Citing an industrial specialist, CNBC suggests that Tesla and Chinese EV startups are expected to compete by designing their own chips, while traditional automakers will likely continue to depend on NVIDIA and Qualcomm for the foreseeable future.

The report does not anticipate a significant impact on NVIDIA in the short term, as Chinese automakers are expected to test new technology in small batches within the high-end segment of the market.

Anyhow, the reason behind the wave of self-developing chips for Chinese EV makers may be that it would be difficult for a company to differentiate itself if it uses the same silicon to power its infotainment and intelligent driving systems. By designing their own chips, Chinese automakers can customize features and mitigate supply chain risks associated with geopolitical tensions.

According to the report, U.S. restrictions on NVIDIA’s chip sales to China have not directly impacted automakers, as their vehicles have not yet required the most advanced semiconductor technology.

However, with a growing emphasis on driver-assist functions, which depends heavily on artificial intelligence—a key area in the U.S.-China tech rivalry—Chinese automakers are now turning to in-house technology.

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• [News] China Reportedly Demands Automakers Increase Local Chip Procurement to 25%
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(Photo credit: Nio)

As designing and manufacturing large monolithic ICs became more complex, related challenges regarding yield and cost have emerged for semiconductor companies, which boosts the popularity of chiplets. Now the wave has been spreading to the memory sector. According to a report by TheElec, SK hynix intends to integrate the chiplet technology into its memory controllers over the next three years to improve cost management.

In January, the company applied for a brand name called MOSAIC, which represents its chiplet technology, the report notes.

Citing SK hynix Executive Vice President Moon Ki-ill, the report notes that the company currently collaborates with TSMC as the foundry for manufacturing its controllers.

However, within the next two to three years, parts of the controller would be manufactured with advanced nodes, while other sections will use legacy nodes, the report states. Moon added that the company is currently developing technology to connect these different sections.

Moon further explains that while TSMC manufactures the controllers for SK hynix, the memory giant itself is responsible for the packaging work. In the future, under the structure of chiplets, a chip can be divided into separate parts with various functions, and then reconnected to achieve similar performances as if they were a single integrated chip, according to TheElec.

In this scenario, function A might use TSMC’s 7nm node, while function B and C could be produced using legacy nodes from TSMC or another foundry. This approach would enables SK hynix to better manage the costs of its DRAM and NAND products, the report notes.

According to the definition of EDA and Intelligent System Design provider Cadence, chiplet technology results in versatile and customizable modular chips, which leads to reduced development timelines and costs.

The creation and adoption of chiplet standards like UCIe enable seamless integration of chiplets into System-on-Chips (SoCs), unlocking new possibilities in computing and technology applications, according to Cadence.

In addition to SK hynix, Samsung has also brought up plans to adopt the chiplet technology. In July, according to an announcement with Japanese startup Preferred Networks, the two companies plan to showcase groundbreaking AI chiplet solutions for the next-generation data center and generative AI computing market.

According to an earlier report by Gizmochina, Samsung is also said to be mulling to apply 3D chiplet technology to its Exynos mobile APs.

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• [News] The Era of Heterogeneous Integration Approaches: Who Shall Dominate the Advanced Packaging Field?

(Photo credit: SK hynix)

China’s export controls on crucial semiconductor materials are reportedly hitting the supply chain, with concerns rising over potential shortages of advanced chips and military optical hardware.

According to the U.S. Geological Survey, China produces 98% of the world’s gallium and 60% of its germanium. However, since July of last year, the Chinese government has imposed export restrictions on these minerals, causing their prices in Europe to nearly double over the past year. China claims these measures are to protect national security and interests in response to U.S. export sanctions.

As per a report from the Financial Times, an industry source who works at a large consumer of semiconductor materials has revealed that the situation with China is extremely critical, with significant reliance on China’s supplies.

Affected companies have also disclosed that while there is still some bulk shipment of Chinese gallium, the overall export volume has dropped by about half since the controls were implemented. If China continues to reduce gallium exports as it did in the first half of the year, reserves could be depleted, leading to shortages.

Per the same report from Financial Times, Jan Giese, Senior Manager at Frankfurt-based trading firm Tradium, noted that the gallium and germanium his company obtained through China’s new export licensing program account for only a small portion of past purchases. These export controls are adding additional pressure on markets outside China, making an already challenging market even more complex.

Gallium and germanium are crucial for semiconductor applications, military, and communications equipment. They are essential materials for producing advanced microprocessors, optical fiber products, and night vision goggles, so ongoing export restrictions by the Chinese government could hinder the production of such items.

Meanwhile, the Chinese government has announced new export restrictions on antimony this month. Antimony is used in armor-piercing ammunition, night vision goggles, and precision optical components. This follows previous export controls on graphite and rare earth extraction and separation technologies.

Under the regulations, each shipment requires approval, which takes 30 to 80 days and involves uncertainty, making long-term supply contracts impractical. Applications must specify the buyer and intended use.

The report cites sources in the semiconductor materials sector, noting that China is using these restrictions to catch up with the U.S. and other semiconductor technology leaders. Given the current global situation and U.S.-China relations, there seems to be no motivation for China to ease export controls.

Addressing the matter, the China’s foreign ministry declined to comment.

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• [News] China’s Antimony Export Restrictions Starting in Mid-September Reportedly Cause Prices to Skyrocket
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(Photo credit: iStock)