Source to Carfun, in the past two decades, Chinese electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer BYD has been relentlessly pursuing patents for EV technology, amassing a staggering 13,000 patent applications, a figure more than 15 times greater than Tesla’s modest 863 patents. The stark contrast primarily boils down to one critical component: batteries. BYD not only produces its own batteries but also conducts extensive research and development in this domain. This relentless patent activity is primarily aimed at safeguarding its battery technology.

Recently, a Japanese software company named Patent Result conducted a comprehensive study on EV patents and uncovered some intriguing findings. Between 2003 and 2022, BYD submitted over 13,000 patent applications, while Tesla, during the same period, only filed 863 patents. What’s even more striking is that more than half of BYD’s patent applications pertain to battery technology. This underscores BYD’s unique approach compared to other automakers since they internally develop their batteries. In contrast, most other manufacturers rely on third-party suppliers, making them more reliant on patents to protect their battery technology from imitation.

Batteries constitute a vital element of electric vehicles, and BYD’s approach differs significantly from its competitors. Developing in-house battery technology demands greater dedication and effort. However, other battery manufacturers might attempt to replicate their innovations by dissecting their battery packs. BYD’s blade battery, which uses lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material, has established itself as a leader in the development and production of this kind of battery. It offers superior safety and cost-effectiveness compared to nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum) ternary lithium batteries. Nonetheless, filing patents comes with its own set of risks, as patent applications are made public, potentially enabling competitors to derive various technologies from them.

Take Tesla, for instance. Although Tesla has only submitted 863 patents over the past two decades, its research and development heavily rely on the utilization of publicly available information and software. Consequently, its patents largely relate to charging infrastructure and communication between electric vehicles and drivers. This highlights the divergent priorities in their EV development strategies. Tesla also employs advanced production techniques within its factories to reduce the risk of replication by other companies. The question that arises is whether BYD, with its extensive patent portfolio, can translate this into improved sales and challenge the dominant position of global EV leaders. The answer to this query may become apparent within the next 5 years, as the competition in the electric vehicle sector continues to intensify. (Image credit: BYD)

(Source: https://carfun.tw/ecar-news/14585/)

In recent developments, an industry source revealed that Coherent, a leading chip material supplier in the U.S. automotive industry, has piqued the interest of four major Japanese corporate groups with regards to its silicon carbide (SiC) business, with a transaction amount potentially reaching $5 billion.

The four Japanese companies involved are DENSO, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, and Sumitomo Electric, and discussions have been underway regarding the acquisition of minority stakes in Coherent’s SiC business.

Coherent had previously stated its intention to invest $1 billion over the next decade to expand the production of SiC wafers. Compared to traditional silicon chips, SiC wafers contribute to improved electric vehicle range. If this investment materializes, it would significantly ease the financial burden on the company. However, no concrete agreements have been reached at this stage.

Data indicates that Coherent is one of the few companies globally with complete and vertically integrated SiC manufacturing capabilities. It can produce SiC wafers and epitaxy materials, extending all the way to power devices. Furthermore, Coherent’s SiC materials are known for their exceptional quality, making it nearly the only supplier capable of transitioning from the current standard wafer diameter of 150 millimeters to 200 millimeters successfully. The production of larger diameter wafers can substantially reduce device costs. Additionally, Coherent’s SiC power devices demonstrate excellent heat resistance and conductivity.

Competition and Collaboration in the Japanese SiC Industry

According to TrendForce’s latest analysis, as collaborations between companies like Infineon and ON Semiconductor with automotive and energy sector stakeholders become more apparent, the overall SiC power device market is projected to reach $2.28 billion in 2023, growing at an annual rate of 41.4%.

Meanwhile, buoyed by robust demand in downstream application markets, TrendForce anticipates that the SiC power device market could reach $5.33 billion by 2026, with its primary applications continuing to center around electric vehicles and renewable energy.

In recent years, the new energy vehicle industry has been thriving, and Si power devices have gradually fallen short of meeting the demands of new energy vehicles. SiC, as its alternative, has shown remarkable performance in applications, making it highly sought after in the market. The SiC power device market still has considerable room for growth, prompting both automotive and SiC companies to invest in SiC power device production or enhancements.

Japan, being a leader in semiconductor power device manufacturing and production, has numerous companies actively expanding to broaden their market reach.

On October 4th last year, Nikkan reported that Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device would invest several billion yen, aiming to triple its SiC power semiconductor production capacity by fiscal year 2026.

On July 12th this year, ROHM announced its acquisition of the former Solar Frontier factory in Kunitomi, Miyazaki, to expand its SiC power semiconductor production capacity. The acquisition is set to conclude in October 2023 and is planned to become the company’s main factory, primarily producing SiC power semiconductors. It is expected to increase its silicon carbide capacity to 35 times that of the fiscal year 2021 by 2030.

With these competitive and cooperative scenarios unfolding, it’s evident that neither automotive nor SiC companies are holding back in their pursuit of SiC power device production or improvements.

In July this year, Renesas Electronics signed a 10-year agreement and paid $2 billion in advance to Wolfspeed for the supply of 150mm bare and epitaxial SiC wafers. Renesas Electronics also reached an agreement with Mitsubishi Electric, with Mitsubishi investing 260 billion yen in technology and expansion, including the construction of a new SiC factory in Japan.

As a technological leader in producing SiC substrates, epitaxy, and power devices, Coherent is not to be overlooked by these major corporations.

On May 26th this year, Coherent and Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had signed a MOU and reached a project collaboration agreement to jointly scale up the mass production of SiC power electronic products on a 200mm technology platform.

Mitsubishi Electric announced that it would invest approximately 260 billion yen over a five-year period ending in March 2026, with approximately 100 billion yen dedicated to constructing a new SiC power device factory based on a 200mm technology platform and strengthening related production facilities. According to the MOU, Coherent will develop 200mm n-type 4H SiC substrates for Mitsubishi Electric’s future SiC power devices to be produced at the new factory.

In the future, Mitsubishi Electric aims to produce large quantities of silicon carbide chips using Coherent’s 200mm wafer technology in the Japanese market.

In the 2023 fiscal third-quarter earnings conference call, Mary Jane Raymond, the Chief Financial Officer of Coherent Inc., mentioned that the revenue composition of the company’s four main markets is as follows, based on regional distribution: North America accounts for 53%, Europe accounts for 20%, Japan and Korea account for 14%, China accounts for 11%, and 3% goes to other regions worldwide.

For Coherent, capturing 14% of the sales in the Japanese and Korean markets is highly significant. If Coherent continues its collaboration with Japanese partners, it is highly probable that the production capacity of SiC power devices in Japanese-related companies will be increased. Additionally, this will allow Coherent to further expand its influence and presence in Japan.

(Photo credit: Coherent)

Source to YICAI, LG Displays (LGD) has decided to halt the sale of its 8.5Gen LCD panel production line in Guangzhou, China. Earlier this year, there were rumors about LGD seeking potential buyers for this facility. However, as of September 25th, LGD has announced its intention to cease the sale and aims to achieve full production capacity by the next year. This decision reflects the overall resurgence in the global LCD panel industry. Nevertheless, there remain concerns about the stability of panel prices, given the uncertainty surrounding increased panel production capacity and the recovery of end-user demand in the coming year.

Amid the shifting landscape of Korean panel companies expanding their LCD panel business and a diversifying global panel supply chain, China’s leading panel manufacturer, which currently holds over 60% of global LCD TV panel shipments, must tread cautiously.

The LGD Guangzhou 8.5Gen panel plant marked LGD’s first overseas panel production facility and held high expectations. However, due to an extended industry downturn lasting for the past couple of years, LCD panel prices plummeted below production costs. South Korea’s other panel leader, Samsung Display, even closed all of its LCD panel production lines. In response, LGD downsized its LCD panel business and planned to shift its focus towards OLED panels. In this context, the capacity utilization of LGD’s Guangzhou 8.5Gen LCD panel plant fell to half, and rumors of seeking buyers emerged.

However, by the end of June this year, LCD panel prices rebounded from their low point, returning to profitability. As we approach the final quarter of 2023, with the current LCD TV panel market in a profitable state, LGD plans to restore full production in 2024, increasing its LCD panel output from 7 million pieces this year to 16 million pieces next year.

The rebound in LCD panel prices this year is not solely due to high demand, shifting the industry from oversupply to demand-matching supply. It’s primarily because major LCD panel manufacturers have rigorously controlled production capacity and reduced output, gradually warming up panel prices and restoring profitability to the industry.

In 2023, BOE, TCL, and HKC are expected to account for more than 60% of global LCD TV panel shipments. TCL, in particular, announced a change in its operational strategy in July, shifting from full production to adjusting capacity utilization dynamically according to market demand. The revival of the panel market in the first half of this year was a result of supply-side adjustments and optimizations, as external demand didn’t experience significant growth.

With China’s National Day holiday approaching, research organizations such as AVC and GfK predict a year-on-year decline in China’s TV market during the holiday season. Next year, if demand in the consumer electronics market doesn’t fully recover, and LCD panel manufacturers significantly increase supply, there may be concerns about maintaining stability in LCD panel prices. LGD has been less inclined to engage in price wars, and this includes global players like LG Electronics, Samsung Electronics, and Skyworth, who have substantial shipments in the global TV market. However, in a stagnant market, if someone increases supply, others may be compelled to reduce shipments.

According to TrendForce Research, TrendForce reports that panel makers chose to maintain the surge in TV panel prices by controlling production as Q3 approached. Contrarily, brands, in their bid to sustain sales momentum, have not been able to transfer increased panel costs to consumers in the form of retail price hikes. This precarious balance has driven many brands to the brink of financial losses for Q3.

Notably, as international brands boost shipments gearing up for end-of-year celebrations, and with China’s Double 11 shopping festival stocking peaking at the end of September, an 11.9% increase in Q3 TV shipments is anticipated, amounting to 52.24 million units. Still, this falls 1.3% short of TrendForce’s previous estimates. The persistent rise in panel prices in 2H23 will compel brands to trim down on less profitable product lines. Consequently, the annual global TV shipment forecast has been revised downward to 198 million units, a 1.5% YoY decrease.

Next year, LGD’s increased supply of LCD panels could potentially impact partnerships between Chinese panel manufacturers and brand customers. In the context of a globally diversified TV brand supply chain, China’s leading panel companies are also accelerating their overseas expansion efforts. TCL smartphone and TV LCD module production capacity in India is already operational, and they are collaborating extensively with Indian and Chinese customers, with utilization rates reaching 70-80%.

On September 8th, BOE announced that its first-phase project in Vietnam and its Mexican plant have begun mass production for customers. BOE also disclosed plans to invest in the second-phase project in Vietnam, mainly targeting increased demand in Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia, while leveraging advantages in overseas manufacturing costs and tariffs to promote high-quality development of overseas business.

(Source: https://www.yicai.com/news/101866356.html)

In the era of increasing electric vehicle penetration and automotive electrification, the future of cars resembles smartphones on wheels, demanding substantial computing power for advanced autonomous systems. As a result, future vehicles equipped with high-end self-driving systems are akin to mobile data centers. With the growth rate of the consumer electronics market slowing down, Self-Driving System-on-Chip (SoC) has become a crucial avenue for IC design firms to expand.

TrendForce Insights:

• Sluggish Growth in Consumer Electronics Market Spurs IC Design Firms to Focus on Self-Driving SoCs

With the deceleration in growth of mainstream consumer electronics products like smartphones and PCs, IC design firms are venturing into the automotive sector, with Self-Driving SoCs emerging as a key area of expansion. Key competitors in this space include NVIDIA, Mobileye, Qualcomm, Ambarella, and Horizon Robotics. Qualcomm, with solutions spanning smart cockpits, ADAS, and V2X, showcases its advantage in entering the automotive sector after years of success in the smartphone market. To avoid sustained dominance by international giants in the Chinese smart cockpit market, Chinese companies such as Siengine Technology, Navinfo, Autochips, Semidrive, Huawei, Rockchip, and Unisoc are actively entering this market.

• NVIDIA and Qualcomm Offer Broad Computing Capabilities, While Mobileye, Ambarella, and Horizon Robotics Bring Unique Strengths

NVIDIA and Qualcomm offer Self-Driving SoCs with broad computing capabilities. Initially targeting Level 4 and above autonomous driving, NVIDIA has adjusted its focus to Level 3 and below due to regulatory delays. Its high-computing SoCs cater to the computing needs of both smart cockpits and self-driving systems, achieving a “cockpit-and-drive integrated” approach. Qualcomm’s products cover computing requirements from Level 1 to 4. Intel’s Mobileye emphasizes low power consumption and integrates image sensing hardware and software. Both Ambarella and Mobileye possess core computer vision technologies, while Horizon Robotics provides highly open platforms to developers, offering software development tools (AIDI) and cloud-based AI training platforms. Horizon Robotics is also poised to benefit from China’s domestic production plans.

• NVIDIA’s Collaboration with MediaTek (Dimensity) is Crucial for Hardware-Software Integration

In May 2023, NVIDIA announced a partnership with MediaTek (Dimensity) to target the automotive market, with a focus on smart cockpits. NVIDIA concentrates on the main computing chips for in-vehicle computers and essential software, while MediaTek specializes in peripheral audiovisual entertainment and V2X communication systems. In Dimensity Auto, NVIDIA’s GPU and software are integrated, enabling the development of smart cockpit solutions. However, the collaborative car SoC development between MediaTek and NVIDIA is expected to launch by the end of 2025, with mass production slated for 2026-2027, necessitating a wait-and-see approach for the results of this collaboration.

Currently, high-end vehicles have software lines of code (SLOC) exceeding 100 million lines, more than double that of a PC. Vehicles with Level 5 self-driving systems in the future could potentially have over 1 billion lines of code. In the era of Software Defined Vehicles (SDV), hardware-software integration will be the key to competitiveness for manufacturers. NVIDIA, dominating the AI market with its CUDA platform, is well aware of this fact. Consequently, the results of NVIDIA’s collaboration with MediaTek (Dimensity) are highly anticipated.

(Photo credit: MediaTek)

The latest “Automotive Display Market Analysis” from TrendForce indicates that the overall demand for automotive display panels (automotive panels) is gradually stabilizing and shows an upward trend as the automotive market as a whole slowly recovers, and promotional activities related to smart cockpits continue to expand. TrendForce estimates that the overall supply of automotive panels will maintain growth for 2023. Additionally, by 2026, TrendForce forecasts that the annual total supply of automotive panels will surpass 240 million pieces. Furthermore, as panel makers improve their OLED products in terms of performance and cost optimization, the market share of OLED in the market for automotive panels is forecasted to reach 8.9% by 2026.

The ongoing inflation has resulted in a significant decline in the demand for consumer electronics, prompting panel manufacturers to shift their focus towards automotive displays. Regarding the development of automotive panels, automobile manufacturers are now increasingly demanding greater integration in terms of design and functionality. This opens up new opportunities for panel makers to expand their presence downstream by offering system integration services. Panel makers aim to loosen the tight control that traditional Tier-1 automotive suppliers have over various automotive parts and components. Specifically, for displays used in cockpit systems, panel manufacturers are looking to establish a new kind of supply relationship with automobile manufacturers.

Automotive displays, including rear-seat entertainment screens, passenger-side displays, central information displays, and digital clusters, are evolving into more powerful communication mediums. Moreover, to integrate the various independent functions found in a traditional cockpit, larger screens and more flexible spatial designs are required. Hence, there is room for further advancements in various display technologies. For instance, pairing LCDs with a Mini LED backlight can significantly boost display brightness to over 1,000 nits, thereby improving display visibility when external conditions like snow and bright sunlight could cause interference. OLED panels, in contrast to traditional LCDs, offer notable advantages. They are self-emissive and thinner. They have a higher refresh rate and can be built on flexible substrates. These advantages can provide significant added value for automotive displays. Flexible OLED panels, in particular, allow for more innovations in vehicle design and are primarily positioned for flagship and high-end products in the automotive market.

In order to resolve the issue of durability for OLED among automotive applications, the technology is mostly adopted with Tandem OLED, which inter-concatenates and stacks multiple OLED components to form a high-efficiency OLED structure. Double-stacked OLED components require 1/2 less current density than that of single-layer variations after concatenation and are able to improve by a minimum of a twofold increase in lifespan under a much lower power consumption from panels. As for cost, Hybrid OLED panels are incorporated, where the assimilation between rigid OLED glass substrates and the thin-film packing technology used by flexible OLED would both reduce weight and cut cost, and curving effects can also be attained through thinned substrates.

TrendForce commented that a closer partnership between panel makers and automobile manufacturers is bound to be inevitable, should the former wish to expedite their market shares, seeing how automotive displays require approximately 2-3 years for testing and qualification. Subsequent to Samsung Display successively acquiring major orders from Ferrari and BMW, automotive leader LG Display has also announced to enhance its partnership with 9 luxury automotive brands by widening in incorporation of high-end automotive OLED panels, and is scheduled to mass produce its second-generation Tandem OLED, which has been vastly improved in brightness and power consumption. While LCD adopted with Mini LED BLU (Mini LED backlight technology) races to seize the automotive market through cost advantages, OLED is accelerating its entry into the high-end automotive display market by launching ultra-large, rollable, and transparent products.