Amid the rising of emerging applications in the AI market, the booming demands for high-performance computing (HPC), high-bandwidth memory (HBM), CoWoS advanced packaging, and high-performance storage, have energized the wafer foundry industry.

Given the broader applicability of 12-inch wafer in advanced process chips, the global expansion of 12-inch wafer production has accelerated in recent years. Leading companies like TSMC, Intel, UMC, Vanguard International Semiconductor (VIS), SMIC, and Huahong have successively released production capacity.

• VIS’ Singapore 12-Inch Fab Got Approved

On September 4, VIS and NXP jointly announced the approval of their Singapore-based 12-inch wafer fab joint venture by regulatory authorities in Taiwan, Singapore, and other regions.

The joint venture, named VisionPower Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (VSMC), will begin construction of its first 12-inch (300mm) wafer fab in the second half of this year.

VIS estimates that trial production will begin in 2027, with profitability expected by 2029. TSMC will provide technological support, and the market holds a favorable long-term outlook for the company’s operations.

Upon its mass production, both companies may consider building a second fab. Currently, VIS operates five 8-inch fabs located in Taiwan and Singapore. Three of the 8-inch fabs are in Hsinchu, and one in Taoyuan. The average monthly capacity of its 8-inch fabs in 2023 was about 279,000 wafers.

• TSMC Expands Production Worldwide

On August 20, TSMC held a groundbreaking ceremony for its new German fab, ESMC, which is set to begin construction by the end of the year and aims to start production by the end of 2027.

The project involves an investment of over EUR 10 billion and is expected to have a monthly capacity of 40,000 12-inch wafers, utilizing TSMC’s 28/22nm planar CMOS and 16/12nm FinFET process technologies.

In early September, Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs announced that TSMC plans to build a third fab in Japan to produce advanced semiconductors, with construction expected after 2030.

TSMC’s first fab in Kumamoto, Japan, officially opened on February 24, 2023, and will begin mass production in Q4 this year using 28/22nm and 16/12nm process technologies, with a monthly capacity of 55,000 wafers.

The second fab in Kumamoto is planned, with construction expected to start by the end of this year and operations to begin by the end of 2027, targeting 6/7nm nodes.

Additionally, TSMC’s 2nm fabs in Hsinchu (Fab 20) and Kaohsiung (Fab 22) in Taiwan are scheduled to start mass production next year.

In the U.S., TSMC’s first fab in Arizona is scheduled to begin producing chips using 4nm technology in the first half of 2025. The second fab will produce both 3nm and 2nm chips using next-generation nanosheet transistors, with production starting in 2025.

Plans for a third fab are also underway, with production of chips using 2nm or more advanced processes expected to begin in 2028.

• UMC’s Fab 12i in Singapore has Set Equipment in Place

On May 21, UMC held a ceremony for the settlement of equipment at its expanded Fab 12i in Singapore with the arrival of the first equipment.

UMC has operated 12-inch fabs in Singapore for over 20 years, and in February 2022, it announced the plan to invest USD 5 billion to expand Fab 12i, adding a new 12-inch fab with a monthly capacity of 30,000 wafers, focusing on 22/28nm processes. Mass production is expected by early 2026.

• Toshiba’s 12-Inch Wafer Fab Completed

On May 23, Toshiba Electronic Devices & Memory Corporation announced the completion of its new 300mm power semiconductor manufacturing fab, with a total investment of JPY 100 billion and plans to begin production in March 2025.

The fab will be built in two phases, with the first phase starting production within the 2024 fiscal year. Once fully operational, Toshiba’s power semiconductor capacity will be 2.5 times that of 2021. Equipment installation is underway, with mass production expected in the second half of FY2024.

• Powerchip Begins Construction of Two New 12-Inch Fabs

On March 13, Powerchip held a groundbreaking ceremony for a 12-inch wafer fab in partnership with India’s Tata Group, located in Dholera, Gujarat, with a total investment of INR 910 billion rupees (about USD 11 billion).

The fab will have a monthly capacity of 50,000 wafers and will produce chips using 28nm, 40nm, 55nm, 90nm, and 110nm nodes.

In early May, Powerchip also announced plans for a new 12-inch fab to expand advanced packaging capacity to support growing demand for AI devices. Powerchip’s chairman stated that the company will provide interposers, one of the three components in CoWoS packaging technology.

• Texas Instruments Built Three New 12-Inch Fabs

Texas Instruments is currently expanding its 300mm capacity to meet future demand for analog and embedded processing chips. TI plans to invest USD 30 billion in building up to four interconnected fabs (SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4) in the coming decades.

According to its 2022 roadmap, TI will build six 300mm fabs by 2030, with RFAB2 in Richardson, Texas, and LFAB (acquired from Micron) already starting production in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Two of the Sherman fabs were completed in 2023, with two more planned for 2026-2030.

In addition to the plan mentioned above, TI also announced the plan for a second 300mm fab in Lehi, Utah in February 2023, adjacent to its existing 12-inch fab, with production estimated to begin in 2026, focusing on producing analog and embedded processing chips. These fabs will be combined into one once the construction is completed.

On August 16, Texas Instruments announced that it received USD 1.6 billion in funding from the U.S. CHIPS Act. This funding will be used to build a cleanroom for the SM1 fab and complete the pilot production line, construct a cleanroom for LFAB2 to begin initial production, and build the shell for the SM2 fab.

• Intel Focuses on U.S. Projects in Arizona and Ohio

Intel has disclosed chip expansion plans in multiple regions, including Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Ireland, Israel, Magdeburg, Malaysia, and Poland. However, due to market challenges and poor financial results, some of Intel’s expansion plans have been delayed.

Currently, Intel is advancing the construction of large semiconductor manufacturing plants in Arizona and Ohio for the production of cutting-edge semiconductors, as well as working on equipment development and advanced packaging projects at smaller facilities in Oregon and New Mexico.

• GlobalFoundries Revved up Investment in the U.S. and Portugal

On February 19, the U.S. government announced a USD 1.5 billion subsidy for GlobalFoundries. According to a preliminary agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce, GlobalFoundries will establish a new semiconductor manufacturing facility in Malta, New York, and expand its existing Fab 8 plant in the same location.

The facility will leverage manufacturing technology already implemented in GlobalFoundries’ plants in Germany and Singapore to produce automotive chips, effectively introducing mature-node technology into Fab 8.

In February of this year, GlobalFoundries also announced a partnership with Amkor Technology to build a large packaging facility in Portugal.

It plans to transfer the 12-inch wafer-level packaging production line from its Dresden plant to Amkor’s facility in Porto, Portugal, aiming to establish Europe’s first large-scale backend facility. GlobalFoundries will retain ownership of the tools, processes, and IP transferred to Porto.

• China’s 12-Inch Wafer Production Lines Entered New Stages

In China, companies like SMIC, Huahong, CR Micro (Shenzhen), and Zensemi (Guangzhou) are making new progresses in 12-inch wafer production.

SMIC expects its monthly 12-inch wafer capacity to increase by 60,000 by the end of the year.

Huahong is speeding up the construction of its new 12-inch fab in Wuxi, with the first lithography machine installed on August 22, aiming for production in 1Q24.

CR Micro’s 12-inch fab in Shenzhen has entered the stage of equipment installation and debugging, with production expected to start in late 2024.

Zensemi’s 12-inch wafer manufacturing production line has went into production.

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(Photo credit: TSMC)

Among memory giants which are accelerating their development of next-gen HBM amid the AI boom, SK hynix, NVIDIA’s major HBM supplier, is at the forefront as it dominates the market. According to Kangwook Lee, Senior Vice President and Vice President of Packaging, though it might be the case that certain startups would choose to forgo HBM in their AI chip design due to cost considerations, high-performance computing products still require HBM, a report by Technews notes.

Lee’s attendance marks the first time SK hynix has delivered a keynote speech in SEMICON Taiwan, as he gave a presentation on September 3rd at the Heterogeneous Integration Global Summit, sharing the company’s observation on HBM trends in the future. Here are the key takeaways complied by Technews.

Customized HBM Will Be the Future

Citing Lee’s remarks, the report states that customization will be a crucial trend in the HBM sector. Lee further noted that the major difference between standard and customized HBM lies in the base logic die, as customers’ IPs have been integrated. The two categories of HBMs, though, share similar core dies.

TrendForce also predicted that HBM industry will become more customization-oriented in the future. Unlike other DRAM products, HBM will increasingly break away from the standard DRAM framework in terms of pricing and design, turning to more specialized production.

SK hynix has been in collaboration with TSMC to develop the sixth generation of HBM products, known as HBM4, which is expected to enter production in 2026. Unlike previous generations, which were based on SK hynix’s own process technology, HBM4 will leverage TSMC’s advanced logic process, which is anticipated to significantly enhance the performance of HBM products, while enabling the addition of more features in the meantime.

SK hynix: Chiplet to Be Applied Not Only in HBM But in SSD

Regarding the challenges of HBM in the future, Lee mentioned that there are many obstacles in packaging and design. In terms of packaging, the main challenge is the limitation on the number of stacked layers.

According to Lee, SK hynix is particularly interested in directly integrating logic chips with HBM stacks. On the other hand, customers are also showing interest in 3D System-in-Package (3D SIP) technology. In sum, 3D SIP, memory bandwidth, customer need alignment and collaboration will be among the challenges going forward.

Per a report by Korean media outlet TheElec, SK hynix intends to integrate the chiplet technology into its memory controllers over the next three years to improve cost management, which means that parts of the controller would be manufactured with advanced nodes, while other sections will use legacy nodes.

In response, Lee stated that this technology will be used not only for HBM but also for SSD SoC controllers.

When asked about whether some startups might choose to forgo HBM in AI chip design due to cost considerations, Lee responded that it largely depends on the product application. Some companies claim that HBM is too expensive, so they may seek alternative solutions without HBM. High-performance computing products, on the other hand, still require HBM.

Read more

• [News] SK hynix Reportedly to Tape-out HBM4 in October, Paving the Way for NVIDIA’s Rubin
• [News] SK Hynix President to Join Semicon Taiwan, Bolstering HBM Partnership with TSMC and NVIDIA

(Photo credit: SK hynix)

Following TSMC’s recent acquisition of Innolux’s Tainan plant for NTD 17 billion, another Taiwanese panel maker, AUO, announced on August 27 that it will sell three idled manufacturing facilities in Tainan, Southern Taiwan as well, as memory giant Micron emerged as the buyer.

Part of buildings and facilities located in Taichung, central Taiwan, would also be sold to Micron. According to a report from Economic Daily News, the total transaction amount is NTD 8.1 billion, with an estimated profit of NTD 4.718 billion, as the deal is expected to be completed by the end of this year.

The same report indicates that after Micron’s failed attempt to acquire Innolux’s 4th Plant in Tainan (5.5-generation LCD panel plant), it turned to AUO for a plant purchase.

To focus on its operational strategy, revitalize assets, and optimize its financial structure, AUO’s board of directors has approved the sale, the report suggests. By acquiring the facilities, Micron plans to further expand its DRAM business in Taiwan, with expectations to develop high-bandwidth memory (HBM) for AI applications.

Industry sources cited by the report have further interpreted the recent plant sales by Taiwan’s leading panel manufacturers as a sign of the rising influence of Chinese LCD companies like BOE and CSOT.

With the Chinese companies dominating the LCD industry, Taiwanese panel manufacturers are moving away from volume-based competition and are gradually selling off plants to mitigate risks associated with price fluctuations in the panel market. Micron’s active investments in Taiwan further strengthen the country’s semiconductor cluster advantage.

Reportedly, AUO pointed out that it originally had three color filter plants in Tainan: the Gen-4 C4A, the Gen-5 C5D, and the Gen-6 C6C.

Among them, the C5D and C6C plants were closed last August, leaving only the C4A plant in production. All three plants are being sold to Micron, with the C4A plant continuing operations under a sale-and-leaseback arrangement.

Micron stated that its operations in Taiwan are designed to meet the growing product demands of the AI era and to reinforce Micron’s market leadership. Through this acquisition, Micron plans to leverage this site to focus on front-end wafer testing,  to supporting the ongoing expansion of DRAM production at Micron’s Taichung and Taoyuan facilities.

Read more

• [News] Micron Advances in Acquiring Innolux’s Southern Taiwan Facility After TSMC Outbids It for the G5.5 Plant
• [News] TSMC Acquires Innolux’s Plant in Southern Taiwan to Expand Advanced Packaging Capacity

(Photo credit: Micron)

In mid-August, Samsung is said to be accelerating its progress on next-gen HBM, targeting to tape-out HBM4 by the end of this year. Now it seems SK hynix has maintained its competitive edge, as the company aims to tape out HBM4 in October, which will be used to power NVIDIA’s Rubin AI chips, according to the reports by Wccftech and ZDNet.

In addition, the reports note that SK hynix also plans to tape out HBM4 for AMD’s AI chips, which is expected to take place a few month later.

To further prepare for the strong demand from AI chip giants’ upcoming product launch, SK hynix is assembling development teams to supply HBM4 to NVIDIA and AMD, according to Wccftech and ZDNet.

Per SK hynix’s product roadmap, the company plans to launch 12-layer stacked HBM4 in the second half of 2025 and 16-layer in 2026. With NVIDIA’s Rubin series planned for 2026, it is expected to adopt HBM4 12Hi with 8 clusters per GPU.

SK hynix is the major HBM3e supplier for NVIDIA’s AI chips, as the memory giant has taken the lead by starting shipping the product a few months ago, followed by Micron. Samsung’s HBM3, on the other hand, have been cleared by NVIDIA in July, while its HBM3e is still striving to pass NVIDIA’s qualification.

According to the reports, the introduction of HBM4 represents another major milestone for SK hynix, as it offers the fastest DRAM with exceptional power efficiency and higher bandwidth.

HBM4 will feature double the channel width of HBM3E, offering 2048 bits versus 1024 bits. Moreover, it supports stacking 16 DRAM dies, up from 12 in HBM3e, with options for 24Gb and 32Gb layers. This advancement will enable a capacity of 64GB per stack, compared to 32GB with HBM3e, the reports suggest.

On August 19, SK hynix showcased the ambition on securing its leadership on HBM, claiming that the company is developing a product with performance up to 30 times higher than current HBM.

Read more

• [News] HBM Technological Battle to be on the Next Level
• [News] SK Hynix President to Join Semicon Taiwan, Bolstering HBM Partnership with TSMC and NVIDIA

(Photo credit: SK hynix)

According to a report from Korean media outlet BusinessKorea, Rebellions’ CTO Oh Jin-wook announced that the company will adjust its production plans, bypassing the initially planned Rebel ‘Single’ product to focus on the mass production of the Rebel Quad AI chip by the end of the year.

This chip, manufactured using Samsung’s 4nm process, will be equipped with four Samsung’s 12-stack 5th generation High Bandwidth Memory (HBM3e), by the end of the year, offering a total memory capacity of 144GB.

Per the report, Oh explained that the company decided to accelerate the release of Rebel Quad due to internal assessments.

He also emphasized the superior power efficiency of Rebel, stating that it has demonstrated more than four times the power efficiency compared to products from Groq, a competing NPU company in the U.S.

Per a report from Reuters, Rebellions has recently signed a formal merger agreement with Sapeon Korea. The merged entity will retain the name Rebellions, and the combined company is expected to be valued at over 1 trillion Korean won, aiming to strengthen its competitiveness in the global AI chip market.

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• [News] South Korea’s AI Chip Startups Sapeon and Rebellions to Merge
• [News] Korea’s First Semiconductor Unicorn in the Making: AI Chip Firms Sapeon and Rebellions Set to Merge

(Photo credit: Rebellions)