The upcoming iPhone 16 series from Apple is set to debut in the latter half of the year, and according to a report from Korean media outlet “The Elec,” LG Display, a major panel manufacturer in South Korea, has secured OLED panel orders from Apple for the iPhone 16 Pro Max model, ahead of its rival Samsung.

Earlier in May, both LG Display and Samsung Display secured orders for OLED panels for Apple’s iPhone 16 Pro, according to the report. Subsequently, LG Display also has acquired orders for iPhone 16 Pro Max panels, which could be the first time ever for LG Display to be ahead of Samsung display. 

Reports indicate that LG Display failed to secure the initial batch of orders for OLED panels for the iPhone 15 Pro last year, with the majority of orders going to its competitor Samsung Display. This bolstered Samsung Display’s profitability significantly. However, this year, LG Display has finally regained its footing by securing orders for both the iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max models, marking a turnaround in its fortunes.

However, Samsung Display continues to firmly hold orders for OLED panels for the iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Plus models, while LG Display is responsible only for supplying OLED panels for the higher-end positioned iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max models.

Previous revelations from South Korean source yeux1122 also indicated that LG Display holds a higher share than Samsung Display in the supply of OLED screens for Apple’s new iPad Pro.

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(Photo credit: Apple)

From May 14th to 16th, the international display industry’s leading event, SID Display Week 2024, was held in San Jose, USA. Major panel manufacturers such as BOE, TCL CSOT, Tianma, Visionox, Innolux, AUO, Samsung Display, and LG Display showcased a variety of new technological products. TrendForce will review and summarize the development focuses of various panel manufacturers from a technical perspective.

• 3D Display Makes a Comeback, Focusing on Glasses-Free Immersive Experience

3D visual perception is currently the most intuitive way humans perceive the world. Compared to AR/VR, which requires additional wearable devices, glasses-free 3D technology allows users to enjoy a lifelike visual experience without the need for glasses or headsets.

With significant improvements in display quality and user experience, this technology can now be applied to museum exhibits, outdoor advertising, medical education, and more. It has the potential to compete with emerging head-mounted devices in the future.

At the exhibition, in addition to 2D/3D switching, there were light-field displays that enhanced monocular resolution to retinal levels. Coupled with facial tracking and active human-machine interaction systems, these displays expanded the viewing range and 3D viewing angles, delivering an immersive and impressive desktop 3D display experience.

BOE: 110”16K 3D Display & 32”Light Field Display

LGD: Micro OLED+ Light Field Display

• Performance – Enhancing Efficiency to Meet AI Era Demands for Improved Image Quality and Reduced Power Consumption

Addressing the power consumption issues brought about by enhanced image quality can be achieved through various technological advancements such as pixel design, tandem architecture, AI intelligence, micro-lens arrays, oxide backplanes, and dynamic refresh rates. These innovations aim to improve image quality while simultaneously reducing power consumption.

For instance, oxide backplanes have significantly lower leakage currents compared to LTPS backplanes. Combined with new circuit designs, they can maintain voltage for extended periods, keeping flicker within a certain frequency during low-frequency refreshes. Dynamic refresh rates allow the screen’s refresh rate to adapt based on the content displayed, aligning refresh rates with display signals in real-time to provide longer battery life.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, AI technologies are being leveraged to enhance image quality while reducing screen power consumption (AI low-power image enhancement technology). The deep integration of AI with screens enables real-time image processing at high resolutions and refresh rates, reducing the power consumption of panel modules and achieving an optimal balance between reduced power consumption and improved image quality.

BOE: AIoT + OLED AI Power Reduction Technology

• Folding – Diversified Folding Designs Expanding Application Scenarios

At the exhibition, panel manufacturers showcased the durability of foldable screens through tests involving robots randomly striking the displays, demonstrating that foldable screens can now meet the demands of most usage scenarios.

In addition to the conventional inward and outward folding screens already available on the market, the exhibition also featured G/Z-shaped tri-fold phones and new foldable plus extendable display panels, allowing users to switch between different screen sizes based on application needs.

The introduction of various flexible display forms includes innovations such as the removal of polarizers, simplified hinges, and stress-designed screens, preparing for a variety of user experiences and interaction modes with the new foldable display panels. These complex module designs are expected to drive technological innovation within the supply chain.

SDC: Foldable OLED Reliability Test

SDC: Flex Note Extendable (Folding+ Sliding) Display Size: 13.8” -> 17.3”

SDC: Flex S Multi Foldable Display (Z-Shaped)

• Transparent Displays – Enhanced Transparency Technology for Better Integration with Environments

Once a futuristic display technology with a sci-fi aura, transparent displays are now being gradually applied in commercial, automotive, and everyday scenarios by various brands. Transparent displays transform glass from a mere transparent material into a display product with vast imaginative potential and rich content.

The key to enhancing screen transparency lies not only in the transparency of the substrate but also in effectively increasing the pixel aperture ratio to maintain image quality. Historically, Micro LED screens have achieved transparency rates of over 60%, while OLED screens have been around 40%. With recent technological improvements, the OLED screens showcased at this exhibition have now reached a 60% transparency level, matching that of Micro LED screens.

The future of transparent displays will be shaped by continued advancements in transparency, image quality, brightness, price, and product positioning. Higher transparency levels will enable seamless integration with environments, facilitating broader application and adoption of this innovative display technology.

Visionox: 10” Transparent OLED (Transparency: 60%)

AUO: 60” Transparent Micro-LED Display (Transparency: 60%)

• New Applications and Technological Breakthroughs

At the exhibition, notable breakthroughs in new applications and technologies included innovative automotive display designs, QDEL displays produced through printing processes, and high-brightness RGB OLEDos. Samsung Display and TCL CSOT both showcased QDEL-related technologies, employing printing methods to add quantum dots that directly convert light into colored images.

In traditional QLED technology, the light source is blue backlight that passes through quantum dots for color conversion. In contrast, the QDEL displays exhibited by Samsung Display and TCL CSOT apply current directly to the quantum dots to generate light. As a result, QDEL pixels can emit light and switch off independently, offering the same deep blacks and rich contrast as OLEDs.

Looking ahead, as the lifespan of the quantum dot light-emitting layer improves, QDEL is poised to become a competitive choice for consumer displays due to its lower cost and superior image quality.

Samsung: 18.2” QD-LED

BOE: P0.3 Micro LED Transformer Display Cluster <-> Center Information Display (CID)  Co-Driver Display (CDD)

TIMANA: 12.3”InvisiVue Display With Textured, Mini-LED

Visionox: Rollable OLED Surface Display

• Green Low-Carbon Technology Industry Development Trends

It is noteworthy that LG Display has focused on developing new technologies under the theme of a better future. BOE, in particular, has set up a green low-carbon zone at the center of their booth, highlighting green manufacturing, green product technology, and green supply chains.

They continue to lead the display industry with technological innovation and green development, promoting the healthy and sustainable growth of the global display industry.

BOE: Green for Future

Recent revelations from South Korean source yeux1122 indicate that LG Display (LGD) holds a higher share than Samsung Display in the supply of OLED screens for Apple’s new iPad Pro.

The leak suggests that LGD is planning to commence mass production of OLED screens for Apple’s iPad Pro in February 2024, with an estimated annual output ranging from 6.2 to 6.5 million screens.

Currently, Apple’s iPad Pro series products utilize LCD and mini-LED display screens. However, it is anticipated that in 2024, Apple will introduce an OLED version of the iPad Pro.

The leak also indicates that LGD has taken the lead by deploying a two-stack tandem structure and excelling in the supply of organic material devices compared to the Samsung camp.

On the other hand, Samsung faced several yield-related challenges during the supply process, but most of these issues have now been officially resolved. The initial estimate suggests that Samsung will supply around 4 million screens to Apple.

In fact, according to other industry sources, Apple already began discussions with two major suppliers, Samsung and LGD, regarding the OLED version supply for the iPad approximately 2-3 years ago, and set LGD’s supply volume to be larger than that of Samsung.

For the upcoming OLED iPad Pro models, the screen sizes are expected to slightly increase to 11 inches and 13 inches, with Wi-Fi and 5G models having the codenames J717, J718, J720, and J721.

Another rumor has previously revealed that the next iPad Pro, which is set to come out in 2024 as per the report, may support MagSafe wireless charging. The prototype has a glass Apple logo on the back, while the rest of the back remains aluminum. This design allows power to be transmitted through the glass logo without affecting the durability of the iPad.

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(Photo credit: Apple)

Apple has finally launched the Vision Pro, an MR device equipped with Micro OLED, but the debut of the Apple Watch with Micro LED panels has been repeatedly delayed. According to a report from TechNews, industry insiders revealed that the production timeline for the Micro LED Apple Watch has been pushed back once again, from the second quarter of 2025 to the first quarter of 2026.

Over the past decade, Apple has invested at least $1 billion in developing Micro LED panels, aiming to reduce reliance on Samsung and strengthen control over critical component supplies. Once in mass production, Apple intends to execute the crucial “mass transfer” process on its own. This highlights Apple’s cautious approach in researching and developing Micro LED technology, which is still in the sample phase due to challenging production techniques and higher manufacturing costs.

In the Micro LED project, Apple has partnered with ams Osram for the development of Micro LED components, collaborated with LG Display for backplate production, and enlisted TSMC to manufacture 12-inch silicon wafers. Initially, Micro LED technology will be introduced in the Apple Watch Ultra model before gradually expanding to other product lines such as iPad and MacBook, with the ultimate plan of incorporating it into the iPhone.

Currently, the Apple Watch utilizes OLED technology, which has been in use since the launch of the first Apple Watch model in 2015. In comparison to OLED screens, Micro LED displays offer higher brightness and overcome issues such as screen aging and differential aging, making them a promising advancement.

According to the latest TrendForce research, although factors such as panel and component mismatch and supply issues and the fading effects of the stay-at-home economy influenced shipments of e-sports LCD monitors (defined as refresh rates above 100Hz) in 2021, many brands targeted e-sports LCD monitors in 4Q21 with a strategy of aggressively reducing e-sports product pricing to prompt a volume surge and successfully boosted shipments of e-sports LCD monitors to 22.8 million units in 2021, with an annual growth rate of 24%. However, growth momentum will slow in 2022. In addition to long lead times, the most significant variable remains the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war. If the war continues, it will impair European market demand and affect the shipment performance of e-sports-related products. In addition, the Russian-Ukrainian war has triggered a surge in the prices of crude oil, metal, and agricultural commodities, spiking previously growing inflationary pressure. Thus, TrendForce conservatively estimates shipments of e-sports LCD monitors at 26.1 million units in 2022, with an annual growth rate of 14%.

In terms of product types, the market share of flat-screen e-sport LCD monitors reached 59% in 2021, officially surpassing the 41% of curved monitors. Last year, when Samsung Display (SDC) faded out of the supply chain, it caused a shortage in the supply of curved panels, increasing the magnitude of price hikes. In addition, the supply of flat IPS e-sports products continued to increase, resulting in a decline in the competitiveness of the curved panel market. In 2022, the market share of flat and curved panels will remain unchanged but the supply of curved gaming panels from the two major suppliers, AUO and CSOT, will continue to grow with curved e-sports panel pricing the first to fall. The cost-effective advantage of whole curved e-sports devices has reemerged, which will bump the market share of curved e-sports LCD monitors to 43%.

In terms of e-sports product resolution, FHD (1920×1080), QHD (2560×1440), UHD (3840×2160), and Ultra-wide (2560×1080/3440×1440/5120×1440, etc.), in 2021, FHD captured the highest market share at 62.9% followed by QHD, Ultra-wide, and UHD. TrendForce believes, in addition to continuously improving e-sports product specifications, the simultaneous improvement of resolution will assist monitor brands in maintaining or improving profitability. Especially since, starting from 4Q21, the supply of 34-inch (21:9) wide-screen VA products increased significantly. This coupled with noticeable panel price reductions, expands profit margin and allows monitor brands more room to operate and is expected to drive wide-screen monitors to compete for a 13.4% market share in 2022.