Kioxia has moved forward with its plans to go public, starting the process on August 23. This development follows Bain Capital, a U.S. private equity firm with a majority stake in Kioxia, submitting an application for the listing to the Tokyo Stock Exchange on the same day, according to Nikkei.

Kioxia, formerly Toshiba Memory Corporation, was spun off from Toshiba in 2018 and rebranded. Bain Capital spearheads a special purpose company that, along with South Korea’s SK Hynix, holds a 56% stake in Kioxia Holdings, making it the largest shareholder. Toshiba retains a 41% stake.

SK Hynix first invested in Kioxia in 2018, committing a total of 4 trillion won (around $2.9 billion). This investment was split between 2.7 trillion won into a private equity fund led by Bain Capital and 1.3 trillion won to acquire Kioxia convertible bonds issued by Toshiba. However, the latest report from Korean media BusinessKorea highlights that SK Hynix has faced difficulties recovering its investment due to Kioxia’s delayed IPO, failed merger attempts, and a weak semiconductor market.

Kioxia had planned to list on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 2020, but escalating trade tensions between the U.S. and China led to a postponement. In 2023, Kioxia attempted to merge with Western Digital’s memory division to better compete with Samsung Electronics in the NAND flash market, but the effort was blocked by SK Hynix.

Despite these challenges, Kioxia posted a net profit of 69.8 billion yen in the second quarter of this year, its highest second-quarter earnings, as demand for memory in smartphones and PCs bottomed out. With signs of a semiconductor market recovery, Kioxia is pushing for a re-listing to enhance its financial flexibility.

According to Nikkei, after the listing, Bain Capital and Toshiba are expected to gradually reduce their stakes through share sales. SK hynix is also likely to sell part of its stake to recover its investment while maintaining strategic ties with Kioxia and Toshiba.

BusinessKorea believes that should Kioxia achieve a high valuation and successfully go public later this year, SK Group could recover its investment, enabling SK Hynix to reinvest in high-bandwidth memory (HBM) for AI applications.

(Photo credit: Kioxia)

According to a report from the Commercial Times, SK hynix is expected to announce a plan of closer collaboration with TSMC and NVIDIA during the Semicon Taiwan exhibition in September, which is likely to focusing on the development of next-generation HBM. This partnership is expected to further strengthen their leadership in the supply of critical components for AI servers.

Semicon Taiwan will be held from September 4 to 6, and sources cited by the same report indicate that SK hynix President Justin Kim will attend the event and deliver a keynote speech for the first time.

Upon arriving in Taiwan, Justin Kim is expected to meet with TSMC executives. The report, citing rumors, suggests that NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang might also join the meeting, further strengthening the alliance among the tech giants.

The core of this collaboration will revolve around HBM technology. In the past, SK hynix used its own processes to manufacture base dies up to HBM3e (the fifth-generation HBM).

However, industry sources cited by the report reveal that SK hynix will adopt TSMC’s logic process to manufacture the base die starting from HBM4, which would allow the memory giant to customize products for its clients in terms of performance and efficiency.

Industry sources cited by the report also indicate that SK hynix and TSMC have agreed to collaborate on the development and production of HBM4, scheduled for mass production in 2026.

This collaboration will reportedly involve manufacturing HBM4 interface chips using 12FFC+ (12nm class) and 5nm processes to achieve smaller interconnect spacing and enhance memory performance for AI and high-performance computing (HPC) processors.

Per SK hynix’s product roadmap, the company plans to launch a 12-layer stacked HBM4 in the second half of 2025 and 16-layer in 2026. TSMC, on the other hand, is also working to strengthen and expand its CoWoS-L and CoWoS-R packaging capacity to support the large-scale production of HBM4.

SK hynix has been the major supplier of HBM for NVIDIA’s AI GPUs, and with the upcoming Rubin series planned for 2026, it is expected to adopt HBM4 12Hi with 8 clusters per GPU. This partnership between SK hynix, TSMC and NVIDIA, therefore, is expected to expanding its influence and widening the gap with Samsung.

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(Photo credit: SK hynix)

HBM4, the sixth generation of HBM, is poised to become the key to breakthroughs in computing power for next-generation CSPs (Cloud Service Providers). According to a report from Commercial Times citing Global Unichip Corp. (GUC), to support the development of HBM4, their semiconductor IP (Intellectual Property) is already prepared and awaiting CSP manufacturers to advance their manufacturing processes.

GUC pointed out that if future clients need to integrate general-purpose HBM4 into ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), GUC can provide assistance.

GUC further emphasized that its IP is ready for HBM4 development, waiting for CSPs to advance their manufacturing processes. Currently, the ASICs being mass-produced by CSPs still use HBM2 or HBM2e, while HBM3 is in the R&D stage.

The company candidly acknowledged that it cannot play any role at the moment and needs to wait for CSPs to adopt HBM4 on a large scale, taking cost considerations into account. When that time comes, GUC expects to assist CSPs in designing their solutions.

Currently, SK hynix has the technological capability for the general-purpose base die used in HBM4. However, when moving to more advanced processes like 5nm or beyond, external design service providers will be required.

Industry sources cited by Commercial Times believe that the pace of advancements in computing power is accelerating.

For instance, Google’s sixth-generation TPU, expected to be launched by the end of this year, is already based on TSMC’s 4nm process and designed on the Arm architecture.

Similarly, Meta’s upcoming MTIAv2 is built on TSMC’s 5nm process. The trend toward developing in-house chips is characterized by lower power consumption and larger memory capacities.

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(Photo credit: GUC)

Per a report by BusinessKorea, SK hynix Vice President Ryu Seong-su announced the company’s strategic plan in the HBM field during the SK Group Icheon Forum 2024 held on August 19. SK hynix plans to develop a product that boasts dozen of times the performance of existing HBM technologies.

The report indicates that SK hynix aims to develop a product with performance 20 to 30 times higher than current HBM offerings, achieving product differentiation.

During the forum, Ryu Seong-su emphasized that SK hynix will concentrate on leveraging advanced execution capabilities to provide memory solutions tailored for the AI (Artificial Intelligence) sector to meet the demands of the mass market.

• Seven Giants Proposed Customized Demands for HBM

Amid AI advancements, the demand for high-performance HBM has been on the rise, making it a hotspot among global high-tech companies.

According to Ryu Seong-su, Apple, Microsoft, Google Alphabet, Amazon, NVIDIA, Meta, and Tesla—seven of the world’s tech giants—have all engaged with SK hynix , seeking customized HBM solutions tailored to their specific needs.

Compared to existing HBM products, customized HBM offers clients more options in terms of PPA (Performance, Power, Area), thereby delivering more substantial value.

For example, Samsung believes that the power consumption and area of semiconductors can be largely reduced by stacking HBM memory with custom logic chips in a 3D configuration.

On this trend towards customization in the HBM sector, TrendForce predicted that HBM industry will become more customization-oriented in the future. Unlike other DRAM products, HBM will increasingly break away from the standard DRAM framework in terms of pricing and design, turning to more specialized production.

SK hynix CEO Kwak Noh-Jung also believes that as HBM4 continues to advance, the demand for customization will grow, which is likely to become a global trend and shift towards a more contract-based model. Moreover, it is expected to mitigate the risk of oversupply in the memory market.

In fact, HBM market is gradually evolving from a “general-purpose” to a “customization-oriented” market with the rise of AI. Later, as breakthroughs are made in speed, capacity, power consumption, and cost, HBM is poised to play an even more critical role in the AI sector.

• Customized HBM to Become a Reality in the HBM4 Generation

Currently, buyers have already begun making customized requests for HBM4, and both SK hynix and Samsung Electronics have developed strategies to address these demands.

SK hynix has been in collaboration with TSMC to develop the sixth generation of HBM products, known as HBM4, which is expected to enter production in 2026.

Unlike previous generations, inclusive of the fifth-generation HBM3E, which were based on SK hynix’s own process technology, HBM4 will leverage TSMC’s advanced logic process, which is anticipated to significantly enhance the performance of HBM products.

Additionally, adopting ultra-fine processing technology for the base die could enable the addition of more features.

SK hynix has stated that with these two major technological upgrades, the company plans to produce HBM products that excel in performance and efficiency, thereby meeting the demand for customized HBM solutions.

Ryu Seong-su believes that as customized products enjoy burgeoning growth, memory industry is approaching a critical point of paradigm shift, and SK hynix will continue to make advantage of the opportunities presented by these changes to advance its memory business.

Meanwhile, Samsung Electronics, as a leading IDM semiconductor company with capabilities in wafer foundry, memory, and packaging, is also actively promoting customized HBM AI solutions.

In July 2024, Choi Jang-seok, head of the new business planning group at Samsung Electronics’ memory division, stated at the “Samsung Foundry Forum” that the company intends to develop a variety of customized HBM memory products for the HBM4 generation and announced collaborations with major clients like AMD and Apple.

Choi Jang-seok pointed out that the HBM architecture is undergoing profound changes, with many customers shifting from traditional general-purpose HBM to customized products. Samsung Electronics believes that customized HBM will become a reality in the HBM4 generation.

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(Photo credit: Micron)

Earlier in July, ASML CEO Christophe Fouquet noted that though China’s progress on cutting-edge chips is ten years behind the U.S., the world is in need of the legacy chips it manufactured. Now it seems that in order to become “the world’s factory,” China has to turn itself into “the world’s market” first.

And it has already been doing so. Over 40% of major semiconductor equipment manufacturers’ revenue in the second quarter of 2024, including that of Applied Materials, ASML and Tokyo Electron, came from China. In addition, another report by Maeli Business Newspaper highlights that Samsung Electronics and SK hynix also saw their sales in China double in the first half of this year.

Samsung’s Revenue from China Doubled in 1H24, Mainly Boosted by Semiconductors

Citing comments from Analysts, the report attributes China’s strong demand for Korean semiconductors to the country’s aggressive economic stimulus measures and the surge in AI, coinciding with the semiconductor upturn.

Citing Samsung’s semi-annual report on the 22nd, the report notes that its sales in China soared to KRW 32.3452 trillion (around USD 24.2 billion) in the first half of 2024, doubling from KRW 17.808 trillion in the first half of last year. According to Samsung’s website, China accounted for 17% of its revenue in the second quarter of 2024, rising from 11% in 2Q23.

The sales figures for China reported by Samsung encompass not only its flagship semiconductor products but also others like smartphones and home appliances. However, it is worth noting that unlike the situation in the U.S. and Europe, where the revenue structure is more diversified, semiconductors are believed to constitute the majority of sales in China, the report suggests.

HBM May Be a Major Contributor of South Korean Memory Giants’ Soaring Revenue in China

The soaring revenue in China echoes with the rumor that the U.S. is reportedly mulling new measures to limit China’s access to AI memory, an arena South Korean memory giants excel at. A previous report by Reuters noted that as the restrictions might be imposed as early as late August, Chinese tech giants like Huawei and Baidu, along with other startups, are said to be stockpiling high bandwidth memory (HBM) semiconductors from Samsung Electronics.

Citing a source from the semiconductor industry, Maeli states that the rapid growth of HBM is driving a significant shift in China’s DRAM market. The surging demand, derived from the need for server and enterprise PC upgrades as well as the launch of new AI-equipped PCs, appears to have boosted sales in China, benefiting South Korean memory giants.

The current HBM market leader, SK hynix, currently operates a DRAM plant in Wuxi, a packaging facility in Chongqing, and a NAND plant acquired from Intel in Dalian. Its sales in China in 1H24, according to the report, is estimated to amount to KRW 8.6061 trillion (around USD 6.4 billion), more than doubling its sales from the same period last year (KRW 3.8821 trillion).

The report, citing SK hynix’s semi-annual report, notes that the sales and net profit of SK hynix Semiconductor China in 1H24 were KRW 2.6624 trillion and KRW 119.4 billion, respectively. In the same period last year, it reported a loss of KRW 165.6 billion.

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(Photo credit: Samsung)